Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms. To optimize the performance of these systems, several

PVDF membrane bioreactors have exhibited promising results in wastewater treatment applications. Recent studies have investigated the performance of these systems with respect to various indicators, including treatment capacity for contaminants. Findings indicate that PVDF membrane bioreactors ef